Published Date: 2023-02-04 22:08:09 GMT
Subject: PRO/AH> Foot & mouth disease - Iraq (04): livestock, st SAT-2, WOAH
Archive Number: 20230204.8708168
FOOT & MOUTH DISEASE - IRAQ (04): LIVESTOCK, SEROTYPE SAT-2, WOAH
A ProMED-mail post http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases http://www.isid.org
Date: Fri 3 Feb 2023
Source: OIE-WAHID (World Animal Health Information Database) 2023 [abridged, edited]
https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/4856
Iraq - Foot and mouth disease virus
-----------------------------------
Report type: follow-up report no. 3
Started: 3 Jan 2023
Confirmed: 2 Feb 2023
Reported: 3 Feb 2023
Event ID: 4856
Causal agent: foot and mouth disease virus
Serotype: SAT-2
Total outbreaks since the start of the event (chronological)
Report no. / 1st admin (2nd admin) / Start date
-----------------------------------------------
OB_112671 / Diyala (Ba`qubah) / 3 Jan 2023
OB_112952 / Gogjaly (Mosul) / 3 Jan 20233
OB_113173 / Germyan (Kalar) / 30 Jan 2023
OB_113174 / Benisaad (Ba`qubah) / 31 Jan 2023
OB_113218 / Abualkhasib (Abu al Khasib) / 1 Feb 2023
OB_113217 / Shalal (Najaf) / 1 Feb 2023
OB_113216 / Akra (Amedi) / 1 Feb 2023
OB_113215 / Khbat (Arbil) / 1 Feb 2023
OB_113175 / Aldora (Adhamiya) / 1 Feb 2023
[For details pertaining to each outbreak, please refer to the source URL.]
Diagnostic test results
Clinical signs: yes
Laboratory diagnosis
Test name / Laboratory / Species sampled / Outbreaks / Result date / Result
Gene sequencing / Pirbright Institute / buffaloes, cattle / Gogjaly / 2 Feb 2023 / positive
RT- PCR / Central Veterinary Laboratory / buffaloes, cattle / Gogjaly / 15 Jan 2023 / positive
Quantitative data summary (measuring unit - animal)
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths
Buffaloes / 850 / 573 / 11
Cattle / 3241 / 1194 / 0
Sheep / 25 812 / 23 741 / 10
All species, total / 29 903 / 25 508 / 21
[As 'Killed and Disposed of', 'Slaughtered', 'Killed for commercial use' and 'Vaccinated' have not been applied, their columns have been withdrawn from the table.]
Epidemiology
Source of the outbreak(s) or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive
Control measures applied: official disposal of carcasses, by-products and waste; surveillance within the restricted zone; movement control; quarantine; surveillance outside the restricted zone; disinfection; ante- and post-mortem inspections
[The location of the outbreaks can be seen on the interactive map at https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/4856.]
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communicated by:
ProMED
[We have noted that the SAT-2 virus strain circulating in Iraq is topotype XIV, closely related to SAT-2 strains ETH/3/22 and ETH/2/22. Their sequencing results are available at https://www.wrlfmd.org/sites/world/files/quick_media/WRLFMD-2022-000012-ETH-GTR-O-SAT2_001.pdf (pp. 5-8). Both were collected from infected cattle in Sodo, Wolaita, SNNPR in March 2022. We hope that vaccine-matching tests are being applied and their results become available soon. The virus, currently circulating in Jordan, is said to have been found closely related/identical to the mentioned Iraqi virus.
This introduction of an exotic virus strain to the dense and fully susceptible cattle and water buffalo populations of Iraq, threatening the large populations in Iran, Turkey, and elsewhere in the Middle East, is alarming news. A considerable effort, particularly mass vaccinations, will be required to prevent a recurrence of a major FMDV SAT-1 epizootic, such as the one of 1962-65, when the virus spread throughout the Near East, eventually blocked only when reaching Thrace. This event led to the establishment, by EUFMD/FAO, of the buffer zone in Turkish Thrace, as a barrier to protect the Balkan countries and beyond.
The efficacy of available commercial vaccines, as well as the pathogenicity and invasiveness of the currently circulating topotype, is yet to be established. - Mod.AS
ProMED map:
Iraq: https://promedmail.org/promed-post?place=8708168,89]