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Foot-and-Mouth Disease is highly contagious and can be spread from animal to animal by close contact or by aerosols. Transmission can also occur via products including meat and milk from infected animals and through contact with contaminated objects (such as farm equipment…

There is no specific treatment for Foot-and-Mouth Disease but provision of adequate drinking water and prevention of mastitis and fly strike all improve recovery, especially for dairy cattle which can be severely affected by the disease. Control may be possible by…

There are 7 different varieties (serotypes) of FMDV, named: Serotypes O, A, C, O, Asia 1, SAT 1, SAT 2 and SAT 3. All give rise to a similar disease and infection but one serotype does not confer immunity against another. The first three serotypes In 1922 Vallée and Carré…

The global distribution of these serotypes is not even: Serotypes A and O can be found in most FMD endemic regions, with the exception of southern Africa; The Asia 1 serotype can be found in the FMD endemic regions of Asia; The African buffalo is the natural host for the…

Laboratory Requirements Due to its highly contagious nature for animals and the economic importance of FMD, all laboratory work with live cultures or potentially infected/contaminated material must be performed at an appropriate containment level ( see Chapter 1.1.4 of the…

Welcome The Pirbright Institute is designated as the World Reference Laboratory for Foot-and-Mouth Disease by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations and as a reference laboratory for FMD by the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH). Country…

Welcome The Pirbright Institute is designated as the World Reference Laboratory for Foot-and-Mouth Disease by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations and as a reference laboratory for FMD by the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH). Country…